This number only makes a little more sense, so for most uses, convert the binary address into dotted-decimal format (192.168.123.132). These 8-bit sections are known as octets. This number may be hard to make sense of, so divide it into four parts of eight binary digits. To understand how subnet masks are used to distinguish between hosts, networks, and subnetworks, examine an IP address in binary notation.įor example, the dotted-decimal IP address 192.168.123.132 is (in binary notation) the 32-bit number 11000000101010000111101110000100. IP addresses are normally expressed in dotted-decimal format, with four numbers separated by periods, such as 192.168.123.132. It uniquely identifies a host (computer or other device, such as a printer or router) on a TCP/IP network. IP addresses: Networks and hostsĪn IP address is a 32-bit number.
To better understand how IP addresses and subnet masks work, look at an IP address and see how it's organized. One part identifies the host (computer), the other part identifies the network to which it belongs. A subnet mask is used to divide an IP address into two parts. Each of them can be divided into smaller subnetworks by system administrators. These networks are arbitrarily defined into three main classes (along with a few others) that have predefined sizes.
The success of TCP/IP as the network protocol of the Internet is largely because of its ability to connect together networks of different sizes and systems of different types. To configure TCP/IP correctly, it's necessary to understand how TCP/IP networks are addressed and divided into networks and subnetworks. When you configure the TCP/IP protocol on a Windows computer, the TCP/IP configuration settings require:
A glossary is included at the end of article.Īpplies to: Windows 10 - all editions Original KB number: 164015 Summary This article is intended as a general introduction to the concepts of Internet Protocol (IP) networks and subnetting.
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